ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization is common among pregnant women with HIV infection and is neither predicted by hospital tier nor trimester in Mwanza, Tanzania.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of Group BMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns in group B streptococci: A five-year study in a high-risk pregnancy referral center in northeastern Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
- Group B Streptococcus Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Jordan: Prevalence, Outcomes and a Comparison Between Healthcare and Non- Healthcare Providers.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a member of the gastrointestinal tract and vaginal microbiota, and one of the commonest pathogens affecting pregnant women, neonates and infants. Its observed rate of colonization varies globally due to laboratory methods used, socio-cultural, epidemiological and clinical factors. This study therefore, aimed at determining the prevalence of GBS colonization and associated risk factors among HIV-infected and uninfected pregnant women in various health care facility tiers in Tanzania to guide priority screening and management.
methodsA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from February to June 2021 from the antenatal clinics in the primary, secondary and tertiary health care levels in the northwestern part of Tanzania involving 872 pregnant women. Demographic, obstetric and other clinical data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Two swabs (vaginal and rectal) were collected and cultured-on blood agar and CHROMagar
resultsThe overall proportion of S. agalactiae colonization was 24.5% (214/872) [95% CI: 21.7 - 27.5%], and was significantly higher in the HIV infected group [63.1% (70/111)] than in the HIV-negative group [18.9% (144/761)]; OR (95% CI) = 7.33 (4.77-11.29, p-value < 0.001)]. Colonization was more prevalent in the rectal samples compared to vaginal samples [21.1% versus 8.83%, respectively; p-value < 0.001)] and S. agalactiae recovery was higher using CHROMagar
conclusionsApproximately a quarter of pregnant women are colonized by GBS in Mwanza, Tanzania; and colonization is remarkably higher among HIV-infected women. Ampicillin is recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of GBS. Introduction of routine GBS screening among all HIV-infected pregnant women using ultrasensitive CHROMagar™ Strep B agar is recommended, and molecular characterization of GBS isolates would be of interest to guide future vaccination strategies.
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