ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Effect of heterologous intranasal iNCOVACC
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of intranasal adenovirus vector vaccine is attenuated by type I IFN-induced NK cell activation.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Current status of intranasal and inhaled COVID-19 vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- An intranasal adenoviral-vectored vaccine protects against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in naive and antigen-experienced animals.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Inhalation: A Smart Strategy and Increasing Potential for Drug Delivery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Developing the next-generation of adenoviral vector vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDue to waning immunity and emerging variants, protection following primary intramuscular Covid-19 vaccinations is decreasing, so health agencies have been proposing heterologous booster vaccinations. Here, we report immunogenicity and safety evaluation of heterologous booster vaccination with an intranasal, adenovirus vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV154) in healthy adults, who were previously primed with two doses of either Covaxin® or Covishield™. We compare results with use of a homologous booster vaccination combination.
methodsThis was a randomized, open-label phase 3 trial conducted to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of intranasal BBV154 vaccine or intramuscular EUA approved Covid-19 vacines in India. Healthy participants of ≥18 years age with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, who received two doses of Covaxin
resultsIn this phase 3 trial, a total of 875 participants were randomized into 5 Groups in a ratio of 2:1:2:1:1 to receive either booster dose of BBV154 or Covaxin or Covishield. Based on per-protocol population, at Day 56, neutralization antibody titres were 564.1 (479·1, 664·1), 578.1 (436·9, 764·9), 655.5 (533·3, 805·8), 625.4 (474·7, 824·0), 650.1 (519·7, 813·1) for Group 1 to 5 respectively. This study was conducted, whilst the Omicron variant was prevalent. There were varying levels of severity of infection across different study sites with varied baseline antibody titers. Consequently, the average neutralization (PRNT
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that impact of booster across different cohorts is governed by infection status of the individual and geographical diversity, thus necessitating large cohorts, well distributed studies before Covid-19 booster effects are interpreted.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.