Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40268961›Full record

ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2025

Development of a simplified smell test to identify Parkinson's disease using multiple cohorts, machine learning and item response theory.

Juan Li, Kelsey Grimes, Joseph Saade, Julianna J Tomlinson, Tiago A Mestre, Sebastian Schade, Sandrina Weber, Mohammed Dakna, Tamara Wicke, Elisabeth Lang and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Juan LiNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. juli@ohri.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-2477
Kelsey GrimesNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-3813
Joseph SaadeNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-5913-3575
Julianna J TomlinsonNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-5162
Tiago A MestreNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-7479
Sebastian SchadeParacelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-6804
Sandrina WeberDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2141
Mohammed DaknaDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-0360
Tamara WickeParacelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-4692
Elisabeth LangParacelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-1376
Claudia TrenkwalderParacelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-1199
Natalina SalmasoAligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9661-5194
Andrew FrankUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tim RamsayMethodological and Implementation Research Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8478-8170
Douglas ManuelMethodological and Implementation Research Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-0845
aSCENT-PD Investigators
Brit MollenhauerAligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. brit.mollenhauer@med.uni-goettingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8437-3645
Michael G SchlossmacherNeuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. mschlossmacher@toh.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-0300

Funding

Aligning Science Across Parkinson's ASAP-020625
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To develop a simplified smell test for identifying patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), we reevaluated the Sniffin'-Sticks-Identification-Test (SST-ID) and University-of-Pennsylvania-Smell-Identification-Test (UPSIT), using three case-control studies. These included 301 patients with PD or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 68 subjects with multiple-system atrophy (MSA) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 281 healthy controls (HC). Scents were ranked by area-under-the-curve values for group classification and results leveraged by 8 published studies with 5853 individuals. PD/DLB patients showed markedly worse olfaction than controls, whereas scores for MSA/PSP subjects were intermediate. We identified and validated a subset of 7 shared odorants that performed similarly to the traditional 16-scent SST-ID and 40-scent UPSIT tests in distinguishing PD/DLB from HC. There, the identification of 4 or fewer scents out of 7 served as an effective cut-off between the two groups. We also identified a critical role for distractors (from correct answers) and age on olfaction performance.

Identifiers

PMID40268961
PMCPMC12019603

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.