Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40268844›Full record

ArticleJournal of echocardiography2025

Normal ranges of right atrial strain by contemporary echocardiography software: a prospective comparative cohort study.

Ankit Agrawal, Aro Daniela Arockiam, Elio Haroun, Tiffany Dong, Joseph El Dahdah, Muhammad Majid, Mohammad Alamer, Sharmeen Sorathia, Richard A Grimm, Patrick Collier and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of echocardiography, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ankit AgrawalSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Aro Daniela ArockiamSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Elio HarounSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Tiffany DongSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Joseph El DahdahSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Muhammad MajidSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Mohammad AlamerSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Sharmeen SorathiaSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Richard A GrimmSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Patrick CollierSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Leonardo L RodriguezSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Zoran B PopovicSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Brian P GriffinSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
Tom Kai Ming WangSection of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus, J1-5, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. wangt2@ccf.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRight atrial (RA) strains (RASr, RAScd, and RASct) are increasingly used in clinical and research settings, such as heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, but their feasibility and reference ranges across different strain software vendors are not well established. We aim to evaluate and compare two-dimensional RA strain values, reference ranges, and related factors across four strain software vendors in healthy subjects.

methodsHealthy subjects (n = 100) undergoing echocardiography during January-April 2023 were prospectively studied, with equal numbers by age groups, gender, and GE versus Philips scans. RA strains were quantified using TomTec version 51.02 (Autostrain LA), EchoPAC version 206 (AFI-LA), Velocity-Vector Imaging (VVI) version 2.00, and Epsilon software (5.0.2.11295) for statistical analyses.

resultsOverall means and lower limits of normal (LLNs) of each type of RA strain by strain vendor, age group, sex, and scanner vendor were reported. For example, RASr (%) means and LLNs (95% confidence intervals) were 41.2 (38.5, 43.0) and 29.6 (26.5, 32.7) for TomTec, 35.9 (34.4, 37.3) and 27.0 (24.5, 29.5) for EchoPAC, 44.8 (42.3, 47.3) and 27.6 (23.3, 31.9) for VVI, and 38.9 (36.7, 41.0) and 25.5 (21.7, 29.3) for Epsilon, respectively. Linear mixed model regression showed EchoPAC and VVI had significantly lower RASr and higher RAScd magnitude than TomTec, with older age linked to lower RASr and RAScd magnitudes.

conclusionTomTec and VVI were vendor-neutral for measuring RA strains, while EchoPAC worked only on GE scans. Normal values, lower limits of normal, and related factors for RA strain measurements by vendor were established for clinical use.

Indexed as

Atrial Function, RightEchocardiographyHeart AtriaSoftwareAdultAgedFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesReference ValuesYoung AdultEchocardiographyRight atrial strainRight atriumStrain

Identifiers

PMID40268844
PMCPMC12378838

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.