ArticleCritical care explorations2025
Surfactant Protein D and Club Cell Secretory Protein as Biomarkers of Disease Severity and Fostamatinib Efficacy in Severe COVID-19.
Article in Critical care explorations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Low-density neutrophil heterogeneity and spleen tyrosine kinase as therapeutic targets in sepsis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Association of CD16Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate whether epithelial injury biomarkers-club cell secretory protein (CC16), surfactant protein D (SPD), surfactant protein A (SPA), and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE)-could prognosticate disease severity and predict treatment responses in hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving fostamatinib.
designRetrospective analysis of samples collected from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of fostamatinib in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
settingHospitalized patients in a multicenter clinical trial. PATIENTS: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring supplemental oxygen.
interventionsLongitudinal measurement of soluble biomarkers of epithelial injury in patients enrolled in the clinical trial. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsBiomarkers of epithelial injury (CC16, SPD, SPA, and RAGE) were measured to assess their prognostic and predictive value. Elevated SPD levels were strongly associated with disease severity and predicted faster clinical improvement with fostamatinib treatment. SPD and CC16 levels remained stable in the fostamatinib group compared with increased levels in the placebo group over 29 days, reflecting alveolar recovery and improved epithelial integrity. SPA and RAGE showed no significant predictive value for clinical outcomes in this setting.
conclusionsSPD and CC16 are valuable biomarkers for assessing lung epithelial injury in severe COVID-19. These biomarkers can serve as prognostic indicators of disease severity and predictive markers of response to fostamatinib, guiding therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes in patients with severe respiratory complications.
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