Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40266816›Full record

ArticleJournal of fish diseases2025

Viral Nervous Necrosis due to Betanodavirus: A Case Study in Pot-Bellied Seahorses (Hippocampus abdominals).

Stephen M Pefanis, Graeme Knowles, Peter G Mohr, Kate Swift, Jemma Bergfeld, Teresa K Wilson, Marianne Douglas, Rachelle Hawkins, John Hoad, Adam Costin and 3 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of fish diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Stephen M PefanisDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3408-5745
Graeme KnowlesDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Peter G MohrCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-3843
Kate SwiftDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Jemma BergfeldCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Teresa K WilsonDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3982-6465
Marianne DouglasDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
Rachelle HawkinsDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory (AHL), Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
John HoadCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Adam CostinCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Jacqueline MorrisCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-7369
David CumminsCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Nicholas J G MoodyCSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Funding

CSIRO and the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and ForestryDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment in Tasmania
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Betanodaviruses, members of the Nodaviridae family, are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in fish, resulting in great economic losses worldwide. This is the first case study describing the detection and confirmation of viral nervous necrosis in pot-bellied seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) in Australia. Clinical signs of this infection in the seahorses included whirling, floating and cessation of feeding. Histopathological findings included prominent vacuolation in the grey matter of the brain and in the retina of the eye. Betanodavirus infection was initially detected by betanodavirus reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and nested PCR. Sequencing confirmed the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype of betanodavirus. The RGNNV genotype of betanodavirus has previously been detected in Australia in fish, including barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and striped trumpeter (Latris lineata). Immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against the capsid protein of betanodavirus demonstrated intralesional virus antigen. Betanodavirus targeted the brain, spinal cord and retina, causing intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neuronal processes and neuronal necrosis.

Indexed as

Fish DiseasesNodaviridaeRNA Virus InfectionsSmegmamorphaAnimalsAustraliaBrainNecrosisPhylogenyBetanodavirusesseahorsevacuolationviral nervous necrosis

Identifiers

PMID40266816
PMCPMC12421790

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.