Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40266609›Full record

ArticleMilitary medicine2025

Hypobaric Conditions in Cabin Altitude Restricted Aeromedical Evacuation Induce Systemic Inflammation Following Porcine Traumatic Brain Injury.

Adam D Price, Ellen R Becker, Matthew R Baucom, Chad M Archdeacon, Maia P Smith, Rebecca Schuster, Chelsea Caskey, Thomas C Blakeman, Richard J Strilka, Timothy A Pritts and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Military medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Adam D PriceDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Ellen R BeckerDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Matthew R BaucomDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Chad M ArchdeaconDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Maia P SmithDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Rebecca SchusterDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Chelsea CaskeyDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Thomas C BlakemanDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Richard J StrilkaDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Timothy A PrittsDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Michael D GoodmanDepartment of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

Funding

HOST RESPONSE TO TRAUMA RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008478 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI TIMOTHY A PRITTS, BASILIA ZINGARELLI · 1993 to 2026
$6.7M
DOD USAF FA8650-17-2-6G25NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008478
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSecondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) commonly results from hypoxia. Cabin Altitude Restriction (CAR) is used in postinjury aeromedical evacuation (AE) to reduce the hypobaric effects of flight on wounded warriors. Previous work has shown increased inflammation after high altitude exposure following TBI. The aim of this study is to determine the level of systemic inflammation induced by the hypobaric conditions of CAR after TBI.

methodsForty-eight female pigs were utilized to test TBI vs. sham, CAR hypobaria and standard cabin (SC) hypobaria vs. ground conditions; as well as relative hypoxia. Traumatic brain injury was induced by controlled cortical injury. Hypobaric conditions were established in an altitude chamber at levels of 5000 ft (CAR) or 8000 ft (SC) for 90 min with or without relative hypoxia (95% SpO2 for 5000 ft or 90% SpO2 for 8000 ft) while at altitude. Serum cytokines were analyzed via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at the 90-min and 6-h post-injury timepoints.

resultsSerum interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly elevated following TBI with exposure to altitude-induced hypobaria/hypoxia at CAR and SC altitude pressure compared to ground level, normoxic conditions. This increase in cytokine release was present immediately post-flight and following 4 h of post-flight observation.

conclusionsThe CAR-prescribed cabin altitude of 5000 ft may not be sufficient in ameliorating altitude-induced inflammatory cytokine release following TBI. This altitude effect was not rescued with supplemental oxygen to promote SpO2 of 100%, demonstrating a hypobaric effect independent of altitude-related hypoxia. Further study may focus on delayed AE after injury rather than CAR for early post-injury flight.

Indexed as

AltitudeBrain Injuries, TraumaticInflammationAir AmbulancesAnimalsCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHypoxiaSwineCytokines

Identifiers

PMID40266609
PMCPMC12588699

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.