Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40266240›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Interplay Between Viral Shedding, Age, and Symptoms in Individual Infectivity of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Households.

Shuaibing Dong, Ying Sun, Shuyu Ni, Yi Tian, Zhaomin Feng, Lei Jia, Xiaoli Wang, Daitao Zhang, Quanyi Wang, Tim K Tsang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shuaibing DongBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Ying SunBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Shuyu NiBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Yi TianBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Zhaomin FengBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Lei JiaBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Xiaoli WangBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Daitao ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Quanyi WangBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.
Tim K TsangWHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Peng YangBeijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China.

Funding

Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian original Innovation Joint Fund L212056Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project Z221100007922020General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government Project No. 17100822; T.K.T.High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan xuekedaitouren-01-03High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan xuekegugan-01-019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesUnderstanding the factors influencing breakthrough infections following COVID-19 vaccination is critical for disease prevention, especially in households where transmission risks are high. Factors such as age, symptoms, living conditions, and viral load contribute to household transmission dynamics.

methodsTo elucidate this complex interplay of these factors, we analyzed a detailed household transmission study of COVID-19 involving 839 households and 1598 vaccinated individuals during the Omicron variant outbreak in Beijing, China, from April to June 2022. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we analyzed the impact of demographic, environmental, clinical, and virological factors on the risk of breakthrough infections.

resultsIn multivariate analysis. we estimated that index cases aged 45-59 and 60+ years were associated with 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35%, 140%) and 288% (95% CI: 160%, 481%) higher infectivity compared with index cases aged 18-44 years. We estimated that index cases with fever, headache and cough were associated with 43% (95% CI: 11%, 84%), 78% (95% CI: 18%, 168%) and 67% (25%, 123%) higher infectivity compared with those without. Index cases with higher viral loads were associated with higher infectivity in univariate analysis, but this was no longer significant in multivariate analysis. Smaller living space and two-member households were associated with higher odds of breakthrough infections.

conclusionsAge, symptoms, and living conditions were significant risk factors for breakthrough infections during the Omicron outbreak. Suburban settings, smaller spaces, and two-member households enhance transmission risks. These findings inform targeted interventions to reduce household transmission.

Indexed as

breakthrough infectionsCOVID-19household transmissionsymptomsviral load

Identifiers

PMID40266240
PMCPMC11945651

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.