ArticleVaccines2025
Impact of Extended Dosing Intervals and Ipsilateral Versus Contralateral Boosting on mRNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Mice.
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intranasal boosting induces variant-specific responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-imprinted mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Controlling reactogenicity while preserving immunogenicity from a self-amplifying RNA vaccine by modulating nucleocytoplasmic transport.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough mRNA vaccines have the potential to be developed and deployed rapidly to combat infectious diseases, the ideal method of administration and boosting schedule strategy for generating optimal immunogenicity is an area of active research. We compared the immune responses resulting from different schedules for prime-boost and boosting either ipsilaterally or contralaterally in relation to the initial vaccine dose.
methodsInfluenza hemagglutinin (HA) was used as a model antigen for different vaccination regimens in mice using both mRNA lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) and AF03-adjuvanted recombinant protein (rHA-AF03) vaccines.
resultsIncreasing the prime-boost interval resulted in higher levels of serum anti-HA IgG and functional antibody hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) responses in mRNA-LNP-vaccinated animals, which correlated with an induction of germinal center (GC) B cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in lymph nodes. In addition, longer prime-boost intervals resulted in higher levels of IL-2 and TNF-α producing CD4+ T cells two weeks after boosting. The number of Ig-secreting long-lived plasma cells increased with the length of prime-boost intervals. Contralateral boosting resulted in an increase in HAI titers and GC B cells compared to an ipsilateral boost. However, significantly higher numbers of GC B cells were induced in the draining lymph nodes following ipsilateral boosting than in the non-draining lymph nodes.
conclusionsOverall, our data provides insights into the immune mechanisms of action of mRNA-LNP to develop the optimal vaccine regimen for mRNA vaccine platforms.
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