SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2025
Effectiveness of Gagné's 9 Events of Instruction in health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing anesthesia monitoring training: a SPOC and Gagné's model hybrid personalized by artificial intelligence.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- A novel 'Blended Pedagogy' for integrating bioinformatics into the undergraduate medical curriculum: a pilot study on feasibility and student engagement.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Educational frameworks for zoonotic malaria prevention: a narrative review integrating behavioural theory, participatory design, and instructional models for Plasmodium knowlesi in Southeast Asia.Malaria journal · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This review assesses the effectiveness of Gagné's 9 Events of Instruction in improving theoretical scores and clinical practice abilities in medical education. Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of Chinese and English electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang). The participants included clinical medical students, nursing students, specialized medical students, and medical interns, among others related to healthcare. Educators used Gagné's 9 Events of Instruction to guide these populations in theoretical learning and/or daily clinical practice. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to February 27, 2025. Two researchers independently identified, selected, and extracted data from the studies, assessed the quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and performed meta-analyses using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 825 participants were included in the meta-analysis, including 5 RCTs and 6 CSs. In the cumulative meta-analysis, compared with the traditional LBL model, Gagné's 9 Events of Instruction significantly improved learners' KES (SMD 1.55, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.29; Conclusion: The meta-analysis indicated that, compared to traditional medical teaching models, Gagné's 9 Events of Instruction are significantly effective in health professions education and can effectively enhance learners' KES, PS, LC, and TS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.