Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40265050›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Epidemiology, co-infection, and seasonal patterns of respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia between 2021 and 2022.

Nabeel Alzahrani, Ahmed Alshehri, Ali Alshehri, Sameera Al Johani

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nabeel AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed AlshehriDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ali AlshehriDivision of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sameera Al JohaniKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the etiology and epidemiological trends of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, focusing on age and seasonality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 19,509 respiratory specimens collected from January 2021 to December 2022 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, using the BioFire Filmarray Respiratory Panel 2.1 plus kit. Results: Of the analyzed specimens, 53.3% (10,406) tested positive for at least one pathogen. Pediatric patients represented 72.5% of positive cases. Rhinovirus/enterovirus (32%) was the most prevalent, followed by SARS-CoV-2 (16%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; 13%), and adenovirus (10%). Conclusions: The study underscores the significant seasonality and age-specific prevalence of RTIs, with winter peaks and a high incidence of rhinovirus/enterovirus, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and adenovirus. These results emphasize the necessity of ongoing surveillance and targeted public health interventions to manage RTIs effectively.

Indexed as

CoinfectionCOVID-19Respiratory Tract InfectionsSeasonsAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceinfectious disease epidemiologymultiplex PCRrespiratory virusesSaudi Arabiaseasonality

Identifiers

PMID40265050
PMCPMC12012903

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.