ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Maternal Anaemia and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Case-Control Study Using Linked Electronic Health Records in the United Kingdom.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2025): Overview and Future Directions for the Pregnant and Lactating Women's Section.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Guideline
- Risk of stillbirth among pregnant women with anaemia in India: secondary analysis of multiple cohorts from the ICMR-SPIC consortium.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- [Recent advances in the management of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAssessment of whether maternal anaemia in early pregnancy is associated with offspring congenital heart disease (CHD).
designMatched case-control study.
settingJanuary 1998-October 2020, United Kingdom. POPULATION: Women with a haemoglobin measurement in the first 100 days of pregnancy and a CHD-diagnosed child.
methodsData were extracted from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database of electronic health records. Cases were 2,776 women with a CHD-diagnosed child. These were compared to 13 880 matched controls, women without a CHD-diagnosed child. Anaemia was classified as < 110 g/L haemoglobin following the WHO definition. A conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted, adjusted for potential maternal demographic and health-related confounders.
main outcome measuresOffspring CHD diagnosed within 5 years of birth.
results123 (4.4%) cases and 390 (2.8%) controls had anaemia. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of giving birth to a CHD-diagnosed child were 47% higher among anaemic mothers (adjusted OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18,1.83, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe observed association between maternal anaemia in early pregnancy and increased risk of offspring CHD supports our recent evidence in mice. Approximately two-thirds of anaemia cases globally are due to iron deficiency. A clinical trial of periconceptional iron supplementation might be a minimally invasive and low-cost intervention for the prevention of some CHD if iron deficiency anaemia is proven to be a cause.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.