ArticleAge and ageing2025
Association of multimorbidity patterns and order of physical frailty and cognitive impairment occurrence: a prospective cohort study.
Article in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal association between sleep duration and fall risk in middle-aged and older adults: A multiple mediation pathways analysis.Sleep medicine: X · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes in frailty and related factors in older patients with liver cancer: A latent transition analysis approach.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Multicenter validation and updating of the ELDER-ICU model for severity assessment in elderly critical illness.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Frailty progression: The role of multimorbidity configurations in frailty transitions and predicting mortality risk among older adults.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association between sleep, sunlight exposure, and multimorbidity in older adults with and without mental illness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Joint trajectories of objective physical function and cognition and risk of incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Exploring the relationship between cognitive function and frailty in middle-aged and older adults Chinese adults: evidence from the CHARLS database.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic conditions often co-occur in specific disease patterns. Certain chronic diseases contribute to incident frailty or cognitive impairment (CI), but the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the order of frailty and CI occurrence remain unclear.
objectivesTo determine multimorbidity patterns amongst older adults and their associations with the order of frailty and CI occurrence.
designProspective cohort study.
methodsUsing data from National Health and Aging Trends Study, 7522 community-dwelling participants were included and followed up for four years. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify multimorbidity patterns with clinical meaningfulness. Fine and Grey competing risks models were used to examine the associations between multimorbidity patterns and different orders of frailty and CI occurrence (frailty-first, CI-first, frailty-CI co-occurrence).
resultsFour multimorbidity patterns were identified: cardiometabolic, osteoarticular, cancer-dominated and psychiatric/multisystem pattern. Compared to non-multimorbidity, all four multimorbidity patterns were associated with a higher risk of developing frailty-first, but not developing CI-first. Specifically, the psychiatric/multisystem pattern had the highest risk of developing frailty-first ( Sub-distribution hazard ratios [SHR] = 3.74, 95% confidence intervals = 2.96, 4.71), followed by osteoarticular pattern (SHR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.98, 3.22) and cardiometabolic pattern (SHR =2.41, 95% confidence intervals = 1.96, 2.98). In addition, only participants from psychiatric/multisystem and cardiometabolic pattern showed a higher risk of frailty-CI co-occurrence.
conclusionsOur findings highlight the etiological heterogeneity between physical frailty and CI. Clinician should be aware of multimorbidity clusters and thus provide more effective strategies for comorbid older adults to prevent the onset of these two geriatric syndromes.
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