Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2025
Metabolomic profiling of a cholesterol lowering plant-based diet from two randomized controlled feeding trials.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolomic Profiles of Plant and Animal Protein and Type 2 Diabetes: Four Prospective US Cohort Studies.Research square · 2026Article
- Association between plant-based diet quality and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among multiethnic adults.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Metabolites and proteins may mediate the relationship between diet quality and insulin sensitivity in young adult cohort.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Anti-Obesity Effects of Soy Peptides In Vivo: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A narrative review of dietary patterns in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObjective biomarkers of diet, such as metabolomics, may improve dietary assessment and provide additional insight into how diet influences disease risk. The portfolio diet, a cholesterol-lowering plant-based diet, is recommended for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This diet is low in saturated fat and includes nuts, plant protein (legumes), viscous fiber, and phytosterols.
objectiveWe examined metabolomic profiles in response to the portfolio diet in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), where all foods were provided to the participants, compared to a control vegetarian diet and the same control diet with a statin.
methodsThe first RCT included 34 adults (age 58.4 ± 8.6 y) and the second RCT included 25 adults (age 61.0 ± 9.6 y), all with high LDL-C (>4.1 mmol/L). Plasma samples were obtained at baseline, week 2, and week 4 in both RCTs for metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed models were used to examine effects of the interventions on the metabolites in each RCT, applying a Bonferroni correction.
resultsOf 496 known metabolites, 145 and 63 metabolites significantly changed within the portfolio diet interventions in the first and second RCT, respectively. The majority were glycerophosphocholines (32%), triacylglycerols (20%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (14%), sphingomyelins (8%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the first RCT, and glycerophosphocholines (48%), glycerophosphoethanolamines (17%), and amino acids and peptides (8%) in the second RCT. Fifty-two metabolites were consistently changed in the same direction with the portfolio diet intervention across both RCTs, after Bonferroni correction.
conclusionsMany of these metabolites likely reflect the plant-based nature, low saturated fat content, and cholesterol-lowering effects of the diet, such as increased N2-acetylornithine, L-pipecolic acid, lenticin, and decreased C18:0 lipids and cholesteryl esters. Further research is needed to validate these metabolites as biomarkers of a plant-based dietary pattern.
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Registered trials
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