Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40263385›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Development and characterisation of antimicrobial epoxy resin.

Madeline Berrow, Alexander Brooks, Anna M Kotowska, Julie Watts, Lily Riordan, Luke Kidger, David J Scurr, Naa Dei Nikoi, Manuel Banzhaf, Jack Alfred Bryant and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Madeline Berrow *School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Alexander Brooks *School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Anna M KotowskaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Julie WattsSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Lily RiordanSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Luke KidgerSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
David J ScurrSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Naa Dei NikoiSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Manuel BanzhafInstitute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Jack Alfred BryantInstitute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Simon GreenwayIndestructible Paint Ltd, 16-25 Pentos Drive, Birmingham, UK.
Violaine MendezIndestructible Paint Ltd, 16-25 Pentos Drive, Birmingham, UK.
Brian NortonIndestructible Paint Ltd, 16-25 Pentos Drive, Birmingham, UK.
Felicity de CoganSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. felicity.decogan@nottingham.ac.uk.

Funding

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S021434/1Medical Research Council MR/W007002/1Royal Academy of Engineering EF1617\6\5
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surface contamination is an important, if under-discussed, route of infection transmission. In this study, we suspended chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in epoxy resin. CHX was found to be stably incorporated into the material, and its addition to epoxy resin was found to have minimal effects on the optical transparency of the material. After application of the epoxy resin to steel surfaces, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that CHX was uniformly present over the surface. Surfaces painted with CHX-resin were found to have significant, reproducible antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. We have shown that the addition of CHX has minimal effects on the adhesion of the epoxy resin to surfaces, as well as a high durability of the antimicrobial efficacy. We believe that this material has a wide array of applications, and could be utilised to confer significant, low-cost antimicrobial efficacy to existing surfaces, to prevent surface contamination, and to stop the transmission of infectious disease.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsChlorhexidineEpoxy ResinsCandida albicansEscherichia coliMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcus aureusSurface PropertiesAnti-Infective AgentsChlorhexidinechlorhexidine gluconateEpoxy ResinsAntimicrobialBiocidalC7H4N2Cl−ChlorhexidineEpoxy resinPaintPolymer

Identifiers

PMID40263385
PMCPMC12015595

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.