ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2025
Assessing the risk of low energy availability, bone mineral density and psychological strain in endurance athletes.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preferences of Female Triathletes and Their Coaches for Education on REDs: A Qualitative Study.European journal of sport science · 2026Article
- Conservative and Pharmacological Strategies for Preventing Osteoporotic Stress Fractures in Older Recreational Competitors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundAdequate energy intake is crucial for athletic performance and recovery. However, many endurance athletes experience Low Energy Availability (LEA), which, if prolonged, can detrimentally impact both health and performance.
methodsA total of 55 endurance athletes (23 females; 45 ± 13 years, 1.64 ± 0.06 m, 64.4 ± 11.4 kg and 32 males; 44 ± 13 years, 1.76 ± 0.18 m, 78.8 ± 9.2 kg) underwent physical assessments and completed questionnaires on dietary habits, training loads, and psychological stress. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar L1-L4 spine, and body composition. Risk of LEA burnout, and psychological strain were assessed using sport-specific questionnaires.
resultsSeventy-seven percent of female athletes were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q. These females had higher body weight and fat percentage than those at low risk of LEA. Male athletes had a higher prevalence of low lumbar BMD (31%) compared to females, associated with older age, and longer training histories. Although only 9% of female athletes had low-BMD, those affected had a history of amenorrhea and were identified as at risk of LEA by the LEAF-Q.
conclusionA high proportion of endurance athletes had low-BMD and were at risk of LEA. This underscores the need for targeted nutritional strategies to mitigate the risks associated with LEA and promote overall athlete well-being.
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