ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Reported Racial Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and Impacts on Health Outcomes in a Racially Diverse Sample in the United States: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHealthcare racial discrimination remains a barrier to optimal health outcomes. While organizations have implemented initiatives to reduce discrimination in healthcare systems, it's unclear whether these efforts have improved health outcomes. This study examines the association between healthcare racial discrimination and health outcomes among Black non-Hispanic, Hispanic, and White non-Hispanic participants.
methodsUsing 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (n = 22,610), we conducted logistic regression models to examine the associations between healthcare discrimination and health outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. We then stratified models by race/ethnicity to assess differential effects for each race or ethnic group.
resultsIn adjusted models, Black and Hispanic participants were more likely to experience physical (Black-adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 2.15-2.21), (Hispanic-aOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.22-1.25), emotional symptoms (Black-aOR=3.04; 95% CI=3.01-3.07), (Hispanic-aOR=1.39; 95% CI=1.37-1.40) and fair or poor health status (Black-aOR=1.15; 95% CI=1.14-1.16), (Hispanic-aOR=1.10; 95% CI=1.09-1.10) than White participants. In stratified analyses, reports of healthcare discrimination were associated with a greater likelihood of negative health outcomes. Healthcare Discrimination had the strongest effect on physical symptoms among White participants (aOR = 8.15, 95% CI = 8.01-8.29), emotional symptoms among Hispanic participants (aOR = 7.30, 95% CI = 7.16-7.44) and fair/poor health among Black participants (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.26-2.53). DISCUSSION: Healthcare discrimination is a significant predictor of poor health, with varying impacts across racial groups. Addressing these inequities requires eliminating provider bias, improving racial concordance in care, and expanding data collection on healthcare discrimination to assess the effectiveness of health equity initiatives.
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