ArticlePrenatal diagnosis2025
Experimental Impact of Increasing Circuit Resistance in the Artificial Womb.
Article in Prenatal diagnosis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of arteries, vein and placenta interactions on the blood flow in the human umbilical cord.PloS one · 2026Article
- Artificial Womb Technology for Extremely Premature Neonates: Preclinical Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the impact of controlled incremental changes in circuit blood flow resistance to the oxygenator on hemodynamics in the fetal lamb supported by the EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system.
methodsA prospective study of oxygenator circuit clamping was conducted on 7 lambs on EXTEND. Echocardiography was performed at four levels of circuit flow (250, 225, 200 and 300 mL/kg/min). Hemodynamic parameters including cardiac output, velocities and pulsatility indexes (PI) were measured, and physiological parameters were documented.
resultsAs circuit resistance increases, combined cardiac output (CCO) declines significantly, with reduction most profoundly evident in the right ventricle with left ventricle flow preserved until reaching the lowest circuit flow level of 200 mL/kg/min. Umbilical artery (UA), umbilical vein (UV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) velocities decrease while middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocities increase. UA PI values change commensurately with changes in circuit resistance; however, MCA PI values did not change. Blood pressure and oxygen extraction elevate with increased circuit resistance, while heart rate and oxygen consumption remain unchanged.
conclusionsFetal sheep supported by the EXTEND system undergo hemodynamic and physiological changes in response to alterations in circuit flow, reflecting physiological adaptations to maintain circulatory homeostasis.
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Registered trials
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