Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40260953›Full record

ArticleEarly intervention in psychiatry2025

Obstacles to Seeking Help: Perceived Barriers and Stigma Towards Mental Health Treatment in College Students at Elevated Risk for Psychosis.

Benjamin Buck, Erica Whiting, Tess F Filip, Madisen T Russell, Sarah Akhras, Heather Busanet, Katherine N Thakkar, Amanda McCleery, Kyle S Minor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Early intervention in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benjamin BuckBehavioral Research in Technology and Engineering (BRiTE) Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2841-0493
Erica WhitingBehavioral Research in Technology and Engineering (BRiTE) Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Tess F FilipDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Madisen T RussellDepartment of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4132-0230
Sarah AkhrasDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Heather BusanetDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Katherine N ThakkarDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Amanda McCleeryDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Kyle S MinorDepartment of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Funding

User-centered design of a mobile health intervention to promote help-seeking and reduce duration of untreated illness among young adults with early psychosisK23MH122504 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUCK, BENJAMIN EDWARDS · 2020 to 2024
$930k
American Psychological FoundationNIMH NIH HHS K23 MH122504NIMH NIH HHS K23MH122504
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimAlthough the college years are aligned with the typical age of onset of psychosis, few studies have examined identification and outreach programmes on college campuses. To inform future intervention targets and strategies, this study aimed to characterise treatment-seeking behaviours and attitudes, and perceived barriers to treatment in college students high in schizotypy.

methodsA sample of 200 college students (139 high schizotypy; 61 low schizotypy) completed questionnaires related to treatment-seeking behaviours, attitudes and barriers. Independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare treatment-seeking behaviours, attitudes and barriers between schizotypy groups as well as among subgroups of those high in positive, negative and combined schizotypy.

resultsStudents with elevated schizotypy not only reported higher rates of lifetime (56% vs. 36%) and recent (37% vs. 21%) treatment compared to those low in schizotypy, but also endorsed more negative attitudes towards help-seeking (d = 0.47). This latter finding was particularly true for those with primarily negative traits. The high schizotypy group also expressed greater concerns about embarrassment and fear of being treated differently related to treatment-seeking.

conclusionsAlthough students with elevated schizotypy accessed treatment at higher rates, many remain untreated and report negative attitudes towards help-seeking. While not all students with elevated schizotypy require clinical intervention, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address stigma and improve help-seeking behaviours among college students. This may be especially true for those experiencing distress or impairment associated with schizotypal traits.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHelp-Seeking BehaviorPatient Acceptance of Health CarePsychotic DisordersSchizotypal Personality DisorderSocial StigmaStudentsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung Adulthelp‐seekingpsychosis riskschizotypystigma

Identifiers

PMID40260953
PMCPMC12094472

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.