From waste to value: Integrating legume byproducts into sustainable industrialization.

As the global demand for sustainable food sources grows, the effective utilization of agro-industrial byproducts has become increasingly essential. Among these, legume byproducts, which are often discarded as waste, hold substantial nutritional and functional properties that can significantly contribute to advancing circular economy goals within the food industry. Current research has unveiled the potential of these byproducts to enhance both environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Rich in proteins, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds, legume byproducts can serve as valuable resources in developing functional food ingredients. This review explores the nutritional profiles of various legume byproducts and highlights innovative processes and technologies involved in their valorization, such as fermentation, enzymatic treatments, and novel extraction techniques. Furthermore, it explores the impact of food formulations in optimizing the functional properties of legume byproduct-based ingredients, considering their impact on texture, stability, and sensory attributes. Consumer perceptions of sustainable products derived from these ingredients are also examined, emphasizing their potential to reshape modern dietary preferences toward more sustainable choices. However, despite the promising potential of these byproducts, several challenges remain to be solved, including the antinutrients factor, market limitations, limited consumer awareness, and complexities in scaling up production. In addition, it is essential to integrate circular economy principles and conduct life-cycle assessments throughout the value chain to ensure the sustainable use of legume byproducts. Addressing these challenges is critical to enhancing the valorization of legume byproducts and promoting a more comprehensive approach to food system sustainability.