Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40260633›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of laboratory hematology2026

Making Molecular Diagnostics Faster.

Carl T Wittwer, Luming Zhou, Felix Ye, Adam Millington, Adrian de Cola, Noriko Kusukawa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of laboratory hematology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Making Molecular Diagnostics Faster.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Carl T WittwerCrestwood Technology, Camden, Maine, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-8263
Luming ZhouDepartment of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Felix YeDepartment of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Adam MillingtonDepartment of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Adrian de ColaCrestwood Technology, Camden, Maine, USA.
Noriko KusukawaCrestwood Technology, Camden, Maine, USA.

Funding

Homogeneous Mutation ScanningR42GM072419 · NIGMS · IDAHO TECHNOLOGY · PI WITTWER, CARL THOMAS · 2004 to 2006
$850k
A System for Rapid PCR, Mutation Scanning and GenotypingR42GM073396 · NIGMS · IDAHO TECHNOLOGY · PI WITTWER, CARL THOMAS · 2005 to 2006
$850k
Snapback Primers for Genotyping and Mutation ScanningR42GM082116 · NIGMS · BIOFIRE DEFENSE, LLC. · PI WITTWER, CARL THOMAS · 2008 to 2009
$850k
ARUPBioFire DiagnosticsCanon USANIGMS NIH HHS R42 GM072419NIGMS NIH HHS R42 GM073396NIGMS NIH HHS R42 GM082116NIH HHSRoche Applied ScienceState of UtahUniversity of Utah
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOver the past 40 years, molecular diagnostic methods have evolved from multi-step, time-consuming protocols towards either rapid targeted tests or expansive, massively parallel testing.

aimsHere we consider the speed limits of targeted molecular diagnostics, considering the three sequential required steps: nucleic acid preparation, amplification, and analysis. MATERIALS &

methodsInstead of the bind/wash/elute steps commonly used for nucleic acid extraction, simple alkaline lysis of whole blood results in a suspension ready for PCR in seconds that can be added directly to an appropriately buffered PCR master mix. For amplification, the time requirements of PCR are typically limited by the temperature cycling instrumentation and not by biochemistry. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: By lowering sample volumes, increasing the surface area to volume ratio, decreasing the thickness of the sample container, decreasing the amplicon size, and inducing rapid temperature changes by a myriad of innovative means, 30 cycles of PCR can easily be completed in less than 5 min. By increasing primer and polymerase concentrations in synchrony with even faster cycling (< 2 s cycles), "extreme PCR" has amplified a 60 bp human genomic target in < 15 s (35 cycles) with high yield and specificity. For analysis, cumbersome, contamination-prone gel analysis can be replaced by melting curve analysis. Although melting curve analysis usually takes up to an hour on commercial instrumentation, precise temperature control can enable single base genotyping in 1-4 s.

conclusionThese advances demonstrate the feasibility of sample-to-answer molecular diagnostics in seconds.

Indexed as

Molecular Diagnostic TechniquesPathology, MolecularHumansPolymerase Chain ReactionTime Factorsalkaline lysisextreme PCRhigh‐speed DNA meltingmolecular diagnosticspoint‐of‐care testing

Identifiers

PMID40260633
PMCPMC12353295

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.