ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
Changes in children respiratory infections pre and post COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral Landscape, Clinical Impact, and Management Trends in Hospitalized Children for Viral-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Comparative Analysis of Two Post-Pandemic Seasons in Rome, Italy.Journal of medical virology · 2026Observational
- Post‑pandemic shifts in the age distribution of RSV, influenza A, and rhinovirus infections: A four‑year pediatric surveillance study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Metagenomic surveillance reveals off-season circulation of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Salvador, Brazil.New microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Regional and facility-type variations in infectious diseases in childcare and early childhood education facilities in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Global health & medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Versus Influenza Hospitalizations in Late 2025 in Poland: A Multicenter Retrospective Comparison.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Environmental surveillance reveals enterovirus diversity in Jinan, China: detection of types D68, A71, A76, B88, A90, and C99.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- In the shadow of COVID-19: changes in the seroprevalence of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Season-matched comparison of pediatric respiratory pathogen detection patterns before and after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in Guangzhou.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Cytokines of Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Influenza A After COVID-19.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Pathogen profiles and co-detection characteristics of acute respiratory infections based on active surveillance in a large district of southern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2030.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological and Antimicrobial Resistance Trends ofInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- tNGS-based detection of respiratory pathogens in a single center: associations with age, gender, season, and co-infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Six-year epidemiological dynamics of human respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in central China (2019-2024): pandemic suppression, 2023 resurgence, and immune debt effect.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the prevalence of various acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pathogens. Methods: We collected 337,310 real-time PCR results for 13 pathogens from clinical samples between January 2018 and January 2024 to assess the changes of ARIs among children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A variety of ARIs pathogens, including Influenza A (Flu A), Influenza B (Flu B), Adenovirus (ADV), Rhinovirus (RhV), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), as well as co-infecting bacterial such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Haemophilus influenzae (HI), and Listeria monocytogenes (LP), reached a peak positive rate at the age of 3. The susceptible age of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was from 3 to 7 years old. Compared to the pre-COVID pandemic period, the positive rates of Flu A, MP, ADV, SP, HI, Conclusions: The implementation of NPIs interrupted the circulation of ARIs pathogens. However, release of NPIs and the reduced baseline of population immunity, may contribute to a resurgence of ARIs pathogens among children.
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