Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40260027›Full record

ArticleHealth science reports2025

Temporal Trends in Inadequate Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years From 31 Countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Lee Smith, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Mark A Tully, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Helen Keyes, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Hans Oh, Masoud Rahmati and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health science reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lee SmithCentre for Health Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK.
Guillermo F López SánchezDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9897-5273
Mark A TullySchool of Medicine Ulster University Londonderry Northern Ireland UK.
Yvonne BarnettCentre for Health Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK.
Laurie ButlerCentre for Health Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK.
Helen KeyesSchool of Psychology, Sport and Sensory Sciences Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK.
Louis JacobResearch and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain.
Karel KostevUniversity Clinic of Marburg Marburg Germany.
Hans OhSuzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA.
Masoud RahmatiDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences Lorestan University Khoramabad Iran.
Jae Il ShinDepartment of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea.
Ai KoyanagiResearch and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat Barcelona Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and Aims: A low intake of fruit and vegetable consumption has been found to be associated with a plethora of negative health outcomes in adolescents. However, there is a scarcity of literature on long-term trends in fruit and vegetable intake in the adolescent population. Therefore, we examined this trend in a nationally representative sample of adolescents (12-15 years) attending school in 31 countries, including Africa, Asia, and the Americas, where investigation of such trends has been scarce. Methods: The present study analyzed data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2017. The prevalence (95% CI) of inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (i.e., consumption < 5 times/day) was calculated for each survey, and crude linear trends were examined by linear regression models for each country. Results: We analyzed data from students ( Conclusion: Our data show that inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents is a major global problem with almost no improvements being observed in recent years. Intensification of global efforts to combat inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption is necessary.

Indexed as

adolescentsepidemiologyfruit and vegetable consumptionmulticountrytemporal trends

Identifiers

PMID40260027
PMCPMC12010760

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.