ArticleBMC plant biology2025
Identification and development of drought-tolerant cocoa hybrids: physiological insights for enhanced water use efficiency under water stress conditions.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ecotypic Variation in Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Water Use Efficiency ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundWater stress affects the most important determinants of yield-canopy architecture, photosynthesis, and partitioning of assimilates. Being a perennial crop, the water requirement in cocoa is fairly high. Therefore, identifying drought-tolerant plant varieties within cocoa species is critically important, especially in the context of ongoing climate variability attributed to climate change. This research aimed to develop cultivars that efficiently utilize available/minimal water resources and maintain optimal yields despite environmental stressors. Hence, efforts were taken to identify drought-tolerant genotypes, taking physiological characteristics as the main parameters. Drought-tolerant parents (M 13.12, G I 5.9, G II 19.5, and G VI 55) identified in previous studies were crossed in all possible combinations to attain drought-tolerant hybrids. All the crosses were obtained except for GV1 55 x M 13.12, which may be due to an incompatibility reaction between these genotypes, which is a common mechanism in cocoa. The hybrids were then subjected to drought stress (under 40% field capacity) and were analyzed for various physiological parameters such as chlorophyll stability index, membrane stability, relative water content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf temperature and chlorophyll content.
resultsThe highly tolerant and tolerant hybrids in almost all the crosses studied had relatively high chlorophyll stability index (highest being 86.73% in highly tolerant hybrid of cross M 13.12 x G I 5.9), membrane stability (highest value of 86.36% observed in tolerant hybrids of cross M 13.12 x G I 5.9), relative water content (highest value being 79.43% observed in the highly tolerant hybrid of cross G II 19.5 x G VI 55 while the lowest value of 23.51% being shown by the susceptible hybrids of cross G VI 55 x G II 19.5), photosynthetic rates (highest being 1.627 µmol CO
conclusionThis experiment indicated how the plants were able to regulate various physiological mechanisms under drought stress and how these parameters can be utilized in distinguishing between drought tolerant and susceptible plants. Ranking based on the values of physiological parameters revealed that crosses M 13.12 x G I 5.9, G II 19.5 x G VI 55, and G II 19.5 x G I 5.9 produced hybrids with favourable responses to drought tolerance. It indicated that these crosses could be further utilized in developing drought-tolerant genotypes. Further, the binary regression studies indicated that relative water content and photosynthetic rate can be used as selection parameters to identify drought-tolerant hybrids more efficiently in the future cocoa stress breeding programmes.
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