Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40259149›Full record

ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2025

Clinical Outcome of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Clostridioides difficile Polymerase Chain Reaction Toxin-Positive/Enzyme Immunoassay Toxin-Negative: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Junseok Park, Seulji Kim, Jong Pil Im, Hyun Jung Lee, Joo Sung Kim, Hyunsun Park, Yoo Min Han, Seong-Joon Koh

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Biomedicines · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Junseok Park *Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Seulji Kim *Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Jong Pil ImDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hyun Jung LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Joo Sung KimDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hyunsun ParkDepartment of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Yoo Min HanDepartment of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.
Seong-Joon KohDepartment of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. jel1206@snu.ac.kr.

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea 2019R1C1C1002243National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-NRF-2020R1F1A1066491
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) frequently occurs concurrently in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and differential diagnosis from IBD flares is critical. However, clinical management of C. difficile in IBD patients with polymerase chain reaction toxin-positive (tPCR+)/enzyme immunoassay toxin-negative (tEIA-) results has not yet been investigated.

aimsWe aimed to assess the clinical significance of C. difficile tPCR+/tEIA- in patients with IBD and the impact of antibiotic treatment on IBD outcomes.

methodsThis single-center, retrospective cohort study included patients with IBD with CDI test results between January 01, 2018, and August 01, 2022. First, the clinical outcomes of IBD, such as medication escalation, hospitalization, and surgery, were compared between patients with IBD with tPCR-/tEIA- and those with tPCR+/tEIA- using Cox regression and propensity score matching. Next, the clinical outcomes of IBD were assessed based on whether antibiotic treatment for CDI was administered to both groups.

resultsAmong 412 patients with IBD with PCR test, 71 (17.2%) showed tPCR+/tEIA- results. The tPCR+/tEIA- group showed no statistically significant difference in IBD outcomes compared to the tPCR-/tEIA- group. The antibiotic-treated tPCR+/tEIA- group showed a higher risk of drug escalation and admission than the tPCR-/tEIA- group, while the antibiotic-untreated tPCR+/tEIA- group did not. After drug escalation during the follow-up, the treated tPCR+/tEIA- group showed IBD outcomes similar to those of the tPCR-/tEIA- group.

conclusionsIn patients with IBD with indeterminate CDI, the need for antibiotics should be thoroughly assessed and proper management of underlying IBD such as drug escalation may lead to favorable outcomes.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ToxinsClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAdultAgedFemaleHumansImmunoenzyme TechniquesMaleMiddle AgedPolymerase Chain ReactionRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ToxinsAntibioticsClostridioides difficileCrohn’s diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseUlcerative colitis

Identifiers

PMID40259149
PMCPMC12367956

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.