Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40259098›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2025

Exclusive human milk diet is associated with lower risk of motor function impairment at three years of corrected age.

Fu-Sheng Chou, Jing Zhang, Maria Fe B Villosis, Ashwini Lakshmanan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fu-Sheng ChouSouthern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA. Fu-Sheng.X.Chou@kp.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-0580
Jing ZhangKaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Maria Fe B VillosisSouthern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Ashwini LakshmananKaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate the association between an exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) and motor function impairment at three years of corrected age among infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective study between 2018 and 2021. We assigned to the EHMD group infants who received an EHMD for ≥75% of the days between the first day of diet fortification and 33 6/7 weeks postmenstrual age. We used inverse propensity scores to balance potential confounders and developed a mixed-effects logistic regression model to assess the association.

resultsAfter adjusting for demographics and morbidities, an EHMD was associated with a reduced risk of motor function impairment, with an odds ratio of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.56-0.98, p = 0.036).

conclusionsAn EHMD is associated with a decrease in the odds of early childhood motor function impairment among infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.

Indexed as

Breast FeedingMilk, HumanChild, PreschoolFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureLogistic ModelsMaleRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID40259098
PMCPMC12431833

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.