Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40259076›Full record

SynthesisJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2025

Immune-Based Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: a Systematic Review of Ongoing Clinical Trials (2020-2022).

Justine T Hung, Ritwick S Mynam, Monica A Patel, Stanley Ozogbo, Noelle K LoConte, Jeremy D Kratz

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Justine T Hung *Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Ritwick S Mynam *Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Monica A PatelDivision of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Stanley OzogboDepartment of Internal Medicine, St Elizabeth Hospital, Youngstown, OH, USA.
Noelle K LoConteDivision of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Jeremy D KratzDivision of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. jdkratz@medicine.wisc.edu.

Funding

BLRD VA IK2 BX006146
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionImmune-based treatment strategies have emerged across solid organ malignancies largely with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. To date, these strategies have not improved clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

methodsHere, we perform a systematic review to summarize available evidence for recent immune-based treatment strategies in PDAC. We analyze trends in activated clinical trials queried from clinicaltrials.gov in the years 2020-2022. We review study design, sponsorship, and trends in the phase of development. There is a growing emergence of multiple new classes of immune-based targets and combination strategies in early-phase development.

resultsImmune-based clinical trials in PDAC are highly collaborative including primarily stakeholders in government, industry, and academic medical centers. In this period, a majority of trials have integrated a non-randomized design (83.2%), including a trend towards an increase in Phase I/II clinical trials. This analysis found a growing list of studies using combinations including inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), an expanded set of vaccine-based strategies, and the use of Bispecific T-Cell Engagers (BiTEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been a mainstay of combination strategies including the use of new immune checkpoint inhibitors (CD40, TIGIT).

conclusionImmune-based strategies in PDAC have expanded across new targets and the complexities of combinatory approaches. Integrating this work across key stakeholders remains of critical importance to improve clinical outcomes.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyPancreatic NeoplasmsClinical Trials as TopicHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyPancreatic cancerTherapeutic development

Identifiers

PMID40259076

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.