Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40258868›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evaluating Arundo donax efficiency for pharmaceutical compounds removal from synthetic wastewater in horizontal flow constructed wetland.

Zeba Ali Mumtaj, Saimah Khan, Nafees Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khan, Meshel Qablan Alkahtani, Rachida El Morabet

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zeba Ali MumtajDepartment of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Saimah KhanDepartment of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India. saimah2606@gmail.com.
Nafees AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Abdul Rahman KhanDepartment of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Meshel Qablan AlkahtaniDepartment of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Rachida El MorabetLADES Lab, FLSH-M, Department of Geography, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco.

Funding

Ministry of Education in KSA KKU-IFP2-H-17
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Constructed wetlands use vegetation as a natural medium to filter out pollutants from wastewater. It is simple to use, low maintenance, low running costs, sustainable, and eco-friendly. This has led to numerous studies to evaluate its performance in treating pollutants, including pharmaceutical compounds, ranging from conventional to emerging contaminants. However, there is still a lack of work on removal efficiency of pharmaceutical compounds individually assessed with conventional parameters removal. In this study, two horizontal flow constructed wetlands were fabricated; one constructed wetland was made with plants and other without plant. The pharmaceuticals used for this study are Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Ketorolac, Fluconazole and Aspirin. The water samples were collected as grab samples after 24 h of duration. The conventional and non-conventional parameters were studied for influent and effluent wastewater. From the results, it was found that significant removal efficiencies were observed in all parameters. The removal efficiency of above pharmaceuticals in PCW follows the order Fluconazole (98%) > Aspirin (98%) > Levofloxacin (98%) > Ketorolac (88%) > Amoxicillin (52.18%). The removal efficiency of above pharmaceuticals in UPCW follows the order Fluconazole (92%) > Ketorolac (87%) > Aspirin (79%) > Levofloxacin (71%) > Amoxicillin (35%). It was also concluded from the results that the PCW (up to 98%) provide higher removal efficiency as compare to UPCW (up to 90%). Further research may concentrate on assessing alternative procedures in conjunction with CWs development.

Indexed as

Waste Disposal, FluidWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalWater PurificationWetlandsAmoxicillinBiodegradation, EnvironmentalLevofloxacinPharmaceutical PreparationsAmoxicillinLevofloxacinPharmaceutical PreparationsWastewaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalArundo donaxConstructed wetlandsPharmaceuticals compoundsRemoval efficiencySynthetic wastewater

Identifiers

PMID40258868
PMCPMC12012194

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.