ArticleScientific reports2025
Antimicrobial susceptibility trends of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in a post-COVID-19 pandemic India, from a multicenter surveillance network.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ceftriaxone-Resistant Enteric Fever Outbreak in Children From Thane: A Multicenter Prospective Study.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- Azithromycin Resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi Across South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep and clinical-microbiological profile of typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from blood specimens at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Clinical and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A Infections in Pediatric Population.Indian pediatrics · 2026Article
- Evolution and rise of antimicrobial resistance in key public health bacteria within and across the One Health sectors.Future microbiology · 2026Review
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Abstract
We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to identify changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi in India since the COVID-19 pandemic began. We collected S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates from blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fever cases at eight sites in seven cities across India between 2021 and 2024. We tested the antibiotic susceptibility of 1150 S. Typhi isolates and 265 S. Paratyphi isolates via disc diffusion and determined their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone and azithromycin via broth dilution. We identified 18 S. Typhi isolates from Ahmedabad that were resistant to ceftriaxone, indicating a larger emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant S. Typhi in Western India with a novel plasmid profile. Furthermore, we observed yearly increases in the mean, median and 90th percentile of azithromycin MICs for S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi isolates throughout India between 2021 and 2023. Finally, we found that only 0.70% of S. Typhi isolates and 1.13% of S. Paratyphi isolates exhibited susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Our results indicate the necessity for a shift from ciprofloxacin in the treatment of enteric fever, and the importance of implementing long-term monitoring of resistance to alternative antibiotics such as azithromycin and ceftriaxone.
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