Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40258805›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2025

Hybrid strategy in compact tailoring of multiple degrees-of-freedom toward high-dimensional photonics.

Shiyun Zhou, Lang Li, Liliang Gao, Zhiyuan Zhou, Jinyu Yang, Shurui Zhang, Tonglu Wang, Chunqing Gao, Shiyao Fu

Abstract read
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Article in Light, science & applications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Shiyun ZhouSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Lang LiSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Liliang GaoSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Zhiyuan ZhouKey Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3714
Jinyu YangSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Shurui ZhangSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Tonglu WangBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
Chunqing GaoSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China.
Shiyao FuSchool of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China. fushiyao@bit.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1450-3640

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62350011, 62375014Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (Beijing Natural Science Foundation) 1232031
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tailoring multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) to achieve high-dimensional laser field is crucial for advancing optical technologies. While recent advancements have demonstrated the ability to manipulate a limited number of DoFs, most existing methods rely on bulky optical components or intricate systems that employ time-consuming iterative methods and, most critically, the on-demand tailoring of multiple DoFs simultaneously through a compact, single element-remains underexplored. In this study, we propose an intelligent hybrid strategy that enables the simultaneous and customizable manipulation of six DoFs: wave vector, initial phase, spatial mode, amplitude, orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM). Our approach advances in phase-only property, which facilitates tailoring strategy experimentally demonstrated on a compact metasurface. A fabricated sample is tailored to realize arbitrary manipulation across six DoFs, constructing a 288-dimensional space. Notably, since the OAM eigenstates constitute an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, this proposal can be further extended to even higher dimensions. Proof-of-principle experiments confirm the effectiveness in manipulation capability and dimensionality. We envision that this powerful tailoring ability offers immense potential for multifunctional photonic devices across both classical and quantum scenarios and such compactness extending the dimensional capabilities for integration on-chip requirements.

Identifiers

PMID40258805
PMCPMC12012099

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.