Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40258000›Full record

ArticlePLOS global public health2025

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species among diarrheal patients from three major hospitals in Ethiopia.

Amete Mihret Teshale, Woldaregay Erku Abegaz, Binyam Moges Azmeraye, Desalegne Degefaw, Devin LaPolt, Zelalem Bonger, Alem Abrha Kalayu, Eyasu Tigabu, Lina Gazu, Getnet Yimer and 10 more

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In one paragraph

Article in PLOS global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Non-typhoidalItalian journal of food safety · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Amete Mihret TeshaleNational Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-6601
Woldaregay Erku AbegazDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Binyam Moges AzmerayeThe Ohio State University Global One Health Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Desalegne DegefawThe Ohio State University Global One Health Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-6316
Devin LaPoltDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
Zelalem BongerThe Ohio State University Global One Health Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Alem Abrha KalayuDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Eyasu TigabuThe Ohio State University Global One Health Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Lina GazuAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-5346
Getnet YimerDepartment of Genetics and Penn Center for Global Genomics and Health Equity, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America.
Ebba AbateProject HOPE Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Estifanos TsigeNational Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Geremew TasewNational Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yadeta DessieSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Gashaw BiksInstitute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
James A BarkleyDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8477-5097
Ariel V GarsowDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-3654
Aaron BeckiewiczDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
Silvia AlonsoAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Barbara KowalcykDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diarrheal illness remains a major global health challenge, causing millions of deaths annually. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Campylobacter species (CAMPY) significantly contribute to this burden. Given the limited information on these pathogens in Ethiopia, this study aimed to estimate their prevalence among diarrhea patients in Ethiopia and identify risk factors for infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to November 2022 in three hospitals in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, Gondar, and Harar). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms were collected from study participants using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were tested for NTS, STEC, and CAMPY using standardized methods. The prevalence of targeted pathogens was estimated overall and by study sites. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify associated factors. A total of 2,331 patients were enrolled. The overall prevalence of NTS, STEC (stx only), STEC (stx + eae), and CAMPY was 1.29% (95%CI: 0.91, 1.84), 12.56% (95%CI: 11.29, 13.98), 3.43% (95%CI: 2.77, 4.25), and 4.46% (95%CI: 4.61, 8.00), respectively. Harar had the highest prevalence of all the pathogens compared to Addis Ababa and Gondar. Odds of NTS in Harar were over 10 (AOR: 10.43: 95%CI: 2.95, 69.20) and 3.5 times (AOR: 3.57: 95%CI: 1.50, 9.90) higher than that in Addis Ababa and Gondar, respectively. Odds of STEC (stx only) in the dry (AOR: 1.97: 95%CI: 1.37, 2.90) and long rainy (AOR: 1.80: 95%CI: 1.20, 2.69) seasons were nearly twice the odds in the short rainy season. Odds of CAMPY infection decreased by 3.29% (AOR: 0.97: 95%CI: 0.95, 0.98) with every one-year increase in age. Moreover, the odds of CAMPY infection for rural residents (AOR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.15, 3.19) were nearly twice that of urban residents. This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of NTS, STEC, and CAMPY simultaneously across all age groups and diverse regions in Ethiopia, revealing significant variations. Results can be used to understand the burden of disease, inform clinical management and risk mitigation strategies to reduce illness in Ethiopia.

Identifiers

PMID40258000
PMCPMC12011234

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.