Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40257904›Full record

ArticleEmotion (Washington, D.C.)2025

A functionalist perspective of young children's anger and sadness.

Gabrielle Sky Cardwell, Pamela M Cole, Lisa Gatzke-Kopp, Erika S Lunkenheimer, Kristin A Buss, Nilàm Ram

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gabrielle Sky CardwellDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.ORCID 0000-0003-3753-5167
Pamela M ColeDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
Lisa Gatzke-KoppDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
Erika S LunkenheimerDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
Kristin A BussDepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University.
Nilàm RamDepartment of Communication, Stanford University.ORCID 0000-0003-1671-5257

Funding

Toward a Unifying Model of Self-Regulation and its DevelopmentR01HD076994 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI COLE, PAMELA M, RAM, NILAM · 2014 to 2019
$2.8M
Parent Self-Regulation, Parent-Child Coregulation, and Harsh DisciplineR01HD097189 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI LUNKENHEIMER, ERIKA · 2019 to 2023
$2.6M
National Institutes of Health; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNICHD NIH HHS R01 HD076994NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD097189
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional emotion theory defines anger as appraisal that a goal is blocked and readiness to act to overcome the obstacle-to approach, and sadness as appraisal that a goal is lost and readiness to relinquish effort-to withdraw. We test relations between these emotions and actions in young children during a blocked reward task, specifically associations in (a) anger and approach toward the goal, (b) sadness and withdrawal from the goal, and (c) greater association of anger and approach with greater age. We observed 153 children (

Indexed as

AngerChild BehaviorSadnessChild, PreschoolFemaleGoalsHumansMaleReward

Identifiers

PMID40257904
PMCPMC12276943

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.