Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40257809›Full record

ArticlePsychological science2025

Infant Gaze Following Is Stable Across Markedly Different Cultures and Resilient to Family Adversities Associated With War and Climate Change.

Gustaf Gredebäck, Kim Astor, Herbert Ainamani, Linda van den Berg, Linda Forssman, Jonathan Hall, Joshua Juvrud, Ben Kenward, Samson Mhizha, Wangchuk and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Automated Infant Eye Tracking: A Systematic Historical Review.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Pooled it
  2. Symbolic Closure and the Neurodevelopment of Social Normativity.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Holistic and Analytic Attention in Infancy: A Cross-Cultural Study in Sweden and Zimbabwe.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gustaf GredebäckDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.ORCID 0000-0003-3046-0043
Kim AstorDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.
Herbert AinamaniDepartment of Mental Health, Kabale University School of Medicine.ORCID 0000-0001-7290-7232
Linda van den BergDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.
Linda ForssmanDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.ORCID 0000-0003-0208-4212
Jonathan HallDepartment of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University.ORCID 0000-0002-0069-1396
Joshua JuvrudDepartment of Game Design, Uppsala University.
Ben KenwardDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.
Samson MhizhaDepartment of Applied Psychology, University of Zimbabwe.
WangchukPublic Heath and Allied Health Sciences Department, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan.
Pär NyströmDepartment of Psychology, Uppsala University.

Funding

Non-US Government Research Support type
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gaze following in infancy allows triadic social interactions and a comprehension of other individuals and their surroundings. Despite its importance for early development, its ontology is debated, with theories suggesting that gaze following is either a universal core capacity or an experience-dependent learned behavior. A critical test of these theories among 809 nine-month-olds from Africa (Uganda and Zimbabwe), Europe (Sweden), and Asia (Bhutan) demonstrated that infants follow gaze to a similar degree regardless of environmental factors such as culture, maternal well-being (postpartum depression, well-being), or traumatic family events (related to war and/or climate change). These findings suggest that gaze following may be a universal, experience-expectant process that is resilient to adversity and similar across a wide range of human experiences-a core foundation for social development.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentClimate ChangeFixation, OcularResilience, PsychologicalWarfareAdultCross-Cultural ComparisonEuropeFemaleHumansInfantMaleeye trackinginfantsocial cognition

Identifiers

PMID40257809
PMCPMC13428878

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.