ArticleClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2025
The role of CST2 in the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- CST2 promotes melanoma malignant phenotypes through the IL-6-STAT3-NF-κB signaling axis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCystatin SA (CST2) is a cysteine protease inhibitor that is overexpressed in several malignancies; however, its involvement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has yet to be investigated. This study evaluates CST2 expression, its association with clinicopathological parameters, and its prognostic significance in ESCC. We further investigate the biological functions of CST2 to assess CST2 impact on tumor progression and its potential as a prognostic marker.
methodsCST2 expression was quantified in 16 ESCC cell lines and 165 paired tumor and adjacent non-cancerous tissues using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). siRNA-mediated CST2 knockdown assays were performed to assess cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Associations between CST2 expression and clinicopathological features, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes, including disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS), were analyzed using statistical methods.
resultsCST2 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in ESCC tissues compared to normal mucosa. Knockdown of CST2 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, while in vivo models demonstrated smaller tumor volumes in CST2 knockdown groups compared to controls. High CST2 expression correlated with worse DSS and DFS. Multivariable analysis confirmed high CST2 expression as an independent prognostic factor for DSS.
conclusionCST2 plays a critical role in ESCC pathogenesis and progression. Its overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes, suggesting CST2 as a potential prognostic biomarker for recurrence and survival in ESCC.
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