ArticleIntegrative cancer therapies
Mechanism of Modified Tongyou Decoction and Its Separated Formulas Inhibiting Vasculogenic Mimicry in Esophageal Cancer TE-1 Cells via NF-κB/HIF-1α Axis.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bicaudal‑C1 in Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies Integrating Chinese and Western Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Breaking the bottlenecks in anti-tumor angiogenic therapy: targeting vasculogenic mimicry with natural products and traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Multi-Components in ModifiedClinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2025Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo explore mechanisms of Modified Tongyou Decoction (MTD) and its separated formulas inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in esophageal cancer (EC) TE-1 cells and improving the hypoxic environment via NF-κB/HIF-1α axis on the basis of the hypoxia stimulating the cells' VM formation.
methodsThe extract of MTD was prepared by water extraction and alcohol precipitation-whirl evaporation, and amygdalin, the content of the antitumor active component, was determined by chromatography. TE-1 cells were divided into normoxia control (NC) group, hypoxia control (HC) group, MTD group, activating blood (AB), promoting Qi (PQ) and removing toxin (RT) separated formula groups. The optimal concentration and time dependent manner of MTD and the 3 separated formulas were screened by CCK-8 assay. Migration and invasion ability was detected by wound healing and invasion assay. Vasculogenesis experiment was performed to investigate TE-1 cells' vasculogenic capacity. Protein expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α axis and VM related molecules were detected by Western blot. Interaction between HIF-1α and NF-κB was detected by double immunofluorescence labeling assay. mRNA expression of HIF-1α and NF-κB was detected by qRT-PCR. Protein secretion of HIF-1α and E-cadherin in supernatant of culture media was determined by ELISA assay.
resultsExtract of MTD contained amygdalin, an active anti-cancer component, the concentration of it being 104.397 μg/mL. Effect-time dependent manner was achieved when cells were treated with MTD and the 3 separated formulas for 24 hours with IC50 concentration, MTD, 2550 μg/mL; PQ, 3384 μg/mL; AB, 3979 μg/mL; RT, 3832 μg/mL. Cell migration area rate of NC group was 43% while that of HC group was 56% after 12 hours; the rate of the 4 medications decreased differently, showing statistical significance with that of NC group (
conclusionsHypoxia is an important condition that promotes VM generation in EC TE-1 cells and the mechanism relates to NF-κB/HIF-1α axis over-expression. Based on separated formulas being in harmony with each other, MTD shows explicit effect on EC VM regulated by NF-κB/HIF-1α axis.
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