Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40256822›Full record

ArticleHuman brain mapping2025

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI Reveals a Visual Working Memory Encoding Network Related to Theta Oscillatory Activity in Healthy Subjects.

Gregor Leicht, Jonas Rauh, Marius Mußmann, Sebastian Vauth, Saskia Steinmann, Moritz Haaf, Corinna Haenschel, Christoph Mulert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human brain mapping, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Revisiting alpha-theta cross-frequency dynamics during working memory.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gregor LeichtDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5104-9336
Jonas RauhDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0538-7593
Marius MußmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Sebastian VauthDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Saskia SteinmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5878-8828
Moritz HaafDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Corinna HaenschelDepartment of Psychology City, University of London, London, UK.
Christoph MulertDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch (PNB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Funding

German Research Foundation DFG SFB 936-C6Hessian Ministry of Science and Arts DYNAMICCentreLOEWE1/16/519/03/09.001(0009)/98Ingeborg-Ständer Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Working memory (WM) is crucially involved in many aspects of higher cognitive functions and goal-directed behavior. The encoding of sensory information necessitates the conversion of sensory stimuli into maintainable constructs. Oscillatory activity in the theta frequency range (4-8 Hz) of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) has been related to this. However, so far, no study has investigated the neurophysiological mechanisms and the brain network structure underlying the WM encoding process simultaneously. Thus, this study aimed to test whether theta oscillatory activity would be specifically related to the activity within a WM encoding brain network in healthy subjects by means of simultaneous recordings of EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Simultaneous recordings of EEG and fMRI were conducted in 32 healthy subjects during the performance of a visual working memory delayed matched to sample task. The fMRI analysis was informed by single-trial theta oscillatory responses to encoding stimuli. This analysis revealed a working memory encoding network mediated by theta oscillatory activity. The network included regions within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal areas. Our results give reason to assume that the formation of a working memory network might take place during the encoding of information utilizing theta synchrony as a binding mechanism.

Indexed as

ElectroencephalographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingMemory, Short-TermNerve NetTheta RhythmVisual PerceptionAdultBrain MappingFemaleHumansMaleParietal LobeYoung Adultdelayed match to sample taskDLPFCencodingsimultaneous EEG‐fMRIsingle‐trial couplingtheta oscillationsworking memory

Identifiers

PMID40256822
PMCPMC12010137

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.