Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40256758›Full record

ArticleCrystal growth & design2025

Mechanochemistry for the Sustainable Synthesis of Organic Hole Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells.

Bhausaheb Dhokale, Cavit Eyövge, Jędrzej Winczewski, Wesam A Ali, Zena Younes, Hector H Hernandez, Liang Li, Praveen B Managutti, Tamador Alkhidir, Dinesh Shetty and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Crystal growth & design, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bhausaheb DhokaleDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-4727
Cavit EyövgeDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-0742
Jędrzej WinczewskiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.
Wesam A AliDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Zena YounesDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Hector H HernandezTulif Holdings, One Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America.
Liang LiSAFIR Novel Materials Development Lab, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 38044, Abu Dhabi 38044, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-4343
Praveen B ManaguttiDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Tamador AlkhidirDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Dinesh ShettyDepartment of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-0386
Han GardeniersDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0581-2668
Arturo Susarrey-ArceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-223X
Sharmarke MohamedDepartment of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2533

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mechanochemical coupling reactions are typically single-site events that are thermally driven, require an inert atmosphere, and are kinetically slow under ball milling conditions. Here, we demonstrate the rapid 4-fold single-pot mechanochemical C-N coupling of tetrabromopyrene and phenothiazine leading to a novel pyrene-phenothiazine (PYR-PTZ) molecule that is shown to be an effective hole-transport material (HTM) in a perovskite solar cell (PSC). When compared to previously reported mechanochemical C-N coupling reactions, the mechanosynthesis of PYR-PTZ is achieved in just 99 min of ball-milling under ambient conditions without a glovebox or the need for external heating. This represents an advance over previous methods for the synthesis of HTMs and opens new avenues for exploring the discovery of other organic HTMs for PSC applications. The photophysics, crystal structure, and electron transport properties of the novel HTM have been characterized using a combination of experimental and density functional theory methods. In an encapsulated PSC, the photoconversion efficiency of PYR-PTZ is comparable to that of the widely used spiro-MeOTAD molecule, but the stability of PYR-PTZ is superior in a naked PSC after 4 weeks. This work demonstrates the value of mechanochemistry in the sustainable synthesis of new organic HTMs at significantly reduced costs, opening up new opportunities for mechanochemistry in optoelectronics.

Identifiers

PMID40256758
PMCPMC12006959

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.