ArticleOpen journal of educational research2025
Weaker Effects of Parental Education on Oral Nicotine Use of High School Students in Rural Areas: Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns.
Article in Open journal of educational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parental income and drug use disorder among second-generation individuals in Sweden: effect modification by immigrant background and region of origin.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Unequal Impact of Flavored Tobacco Across Populations: From Neuroscience to Policy.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Place-Based Diminished Returns of Economic Resources in Rural America: A Framework for Understanding Geography-Conditioned Inequality.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2025Article
- Organization of Psychosocial Processes in Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Regions.Urban-regional ecology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Nicotine pouches, gummies, and candies have emerged as popular alternatives to traditional tobacco products among U.S. adolescents. While parental educational attainment is generally associated with youth substance use, marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs) suggest that this effect may be weaker in marginalized populations, including non-Latino White communities. In particular, place-based marginalization-such as neighborhood economic disadvantage and school-level poverty-may attenuate the benefits of parental education. This study examines MDRs in the relationship between parental educational attainment and nicotine pouch/gummy/candy use among non-Latino White 12th graders in the 2024 Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. Methods: This study analyzed nationally representative data from the 2024 MTF study, focusing on non-Latino White 12th graders who reported parental education levels and adolescents' use of nicotine pouch/gummy/candy. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the effects of parental education on adolescents' use of nicotine pouches, gummies, and candies, while adjusting for demographic covariates. Place-based marginalization was operationalized using rural vs urban/suburban residence. Interaction terms tested whether the effect of parental education varied based on place of residence. Results: Higher parental educational attainment was associated with lower use of nicotine pouches, gummies, and candies. However, this effect was significantly weaker in rural areas. Conclusion: Public health interventions should account for place-based disparities rather than assuming a uniform effect of SES factors. This study highlights the need for policy responses that address structural inequities beyond individual family SES.
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