ArticleACS omega2025
Release of Microplastic Fibers from Polyester Knit Fleece during Abrasion, Washing, and Drying.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic resistance genes are more abundant in microplastic textile biofilms than natural cotton biofilms in freshwater.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Mechanically Recycled Textiles: A Source of Microplastic Fiber Emissions.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Fabrication of microplastic and nanoplastic particles and fibres for use in pulmonary toxicity studies.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Today, microplastics are found in soil, air, and all water sources, including rivers, groundwater, and treated drinking water, with the majority originating from wastewater produced during the washing process. The aim of this study is to determine how standard washing, drying, and wearing simulated by mechanical abrasion of 100% polyester multifilament fleece knitted fabrics contribute to the release and formation of microplastics and fibrous fragments by determining changes in their total weight, thickness, dimensions, and relative surface area. In addition, a new textile surface evaluation methodology was developed to assess the cover area (cover ratio) of released microplastic fibers trapped on the treated fabric surface. The standard and new methods confirmed that the amount of microplastic fibers released from the fleece fabric increased continuously until the third to fifth washing cycle, after which the released amount was nearly constant. Furthermore, a large proportion of the released microplastic fibers was shown to have originated as residue from the manufacturing process. We recommend that (i) washing machines should include a 25 × 30 μm mesh fabric filter to reduce the number of microplastic fibers released down the drain, (ii) flat textiles should be prewashed in the factory, thereby effectively capturing the more significant part of fibers released during the first washing cycle, (iii) the construction and properties of fleece fabrics should be improved to meet environmental requirements, and (iv) the newly developed method for analyzing the cover area of loose fibers on fabric surfaces can be more widely used for quality control.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.