ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2025
Binocular vision disorders and refractive errors on university students' quality of life.
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of heterophoria, tropia, and near point of convergence abnormality in a high school student population in Erbil city center.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, vector evolution, and visual impact of astigmatism: a large-scale study of 79,066 children in Beijing, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the effects of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies on the quality of life (QOL) of university students.
methodsThis cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on university students using simple random sampling. Objective refraction, ocular alignment, vergence and accommodative performance were measured and assessed in all participants. Data on QOL were collected using the College of Optometrists in Vision Development-Quality of Life (COVD-QOL) Questionnaire. The effect of mentioned parameters on the QOL were evaluated.
resultsTotally 726 students with mean age of 21.35±1.88y were evaluated in this study, 51.5% of whom were female. Esophoria was caused significantly lower QOL in the domains of somatic symptoms and occupational-physical symptoms (
conclusionScreening programs and treatment of refractive errors and binocular vision anomalies, especially phoria and accommodative insufficiency, positively impact the QOL and academic achievements of university students.
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