ArticlePhysics and imaging in radiation oncology2025
Spot-optimization reduces beam delivery time in liver breath hold intensity modulated proton therapy.
Article in Physics and imaging in radiation oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Machine Learning-Based Beam Delivery Time Model for Mevion S250i With Hyperscan Technology.International journal of particle therapy · 2026Article
- Reduced beam time and distal linear energy transfer with mini-ridge filters in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Dynamic range optimization for treatment time reduction in respiratory-gated proton therapy using RayStation v2025.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Hybrid proton planning combining spread-out Bragg peak beams with transmission beams to shorten field delivery times while maintaining plan quality.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background and purpose: Liver irradiations with intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) often require motion mitigation techniques that prolong treatment. A prototype spot-optimization algorithm was tested to evaluate whether plan delivery time could be reduced while preserving quality. Methods and materials: Fifteen patients previously treated with liver IMPT using breath-hold were re-planned with nominal treatment planning system (TPS) settings and using a prototype spot-optimization algorithm in which combinations of minimum Monitor Unit (MU) and layer-spacing settings were tested: 1MU/1MeV, 3MU/3MeV, 1MU/5MeV, 5MU/3MeV. Spot-optimized and nominals plans were compared using standard dose-volume histogram (DVH) metrics for targets and organs-at-risk. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied (p < 0.05). Delivery time for all plans were measured by creating and delivering IMPT quality assurance (QA) plans. Gamma analyses were performed on all plans to test deliverability. Plans were considered deliverable if >90 % of points passed a gamma criterion of 3 %/3mm. Results: Minimal DVH differences were observed between nominal and spot-optimized plans. For the 3MU/3MeV setting, no DVH metrics were significantly different. Median and interquartile range (IQR) delivery times for these plans were 40 % (38 % Conclusions: The spot-optimization algorithm produced clinically deliverable plans with negligible DVH differences to nominal plans and reduced delivery time of liver IMPT by over one-third.
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