Insemination methods for embryos transferred in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles do not impact reproductive outcomes in couples with non-male factor infertility.

Yuchao Zhang, Qi Jia, Yanli Liu, Yichun Guan

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Yuchao Zhang *Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.

Qi Jia *Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.

Yanli LiuDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.

Yichun GuanDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. lisamayguan@163.com.

Funding

Joint Construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Plan LHGJ20190400Joint Construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Plan LHGJ20210467National Key R&D Program "Fertility Health and Health Security for Women and Children": Clinical Cohort and Intervention Study on Genetic Problems in Assisted Reproduction Offspring 2021YFC2700602

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In couples with of non-male factor infertility, prevailing discussions have focused primarily on patients undergoing fresh embryo transfer. However, whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) improves reproductive outcomes in patients with non-male factor infertility undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) treatment remains unclear. This retrospective study analyzed 57,907 cycles from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. All FET cycles with non-male factor infertility were initially included. The final included cycles were divided into the ICSI and in vitro fertilization (IVF) groups. Primary outcomes include clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, and miscarriage rate; secondary outcomes comprised neonatal outcomes such as birthweight, gestational week, and sex. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of ICSI on the studied population. The overall clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were significantly higher in the ICSI group than in the IVF group (29.6% vs. 26.0%, P < 0.001; 21.5% vs. 19.1%, P < 0.001). However, ICSI showed no significant association with clinical pregnancy or live birth [adjusted OR: 1.01 (0.95, 1.05), P = 0.969; 1.05 (0.86, 1.28), P = 0.611] after adjustment for confounders. Furthermore, while ICSI was associated with increased rates of full-term births and normal birthweight in singletons, these associations were attenuated after adjustment. Finally, ICSI exhibited no significant effect on neonatal sex ratio [adjusted OR: 0.91(0.93, 1.01), P = 0.052]. In conclusion, ICSI was not associated with improved clinical or neonatal outcomes in FET cycles with non-male factor infertility.

Indexed as

Embryo TransferInfertilitySperm Injections, IntracytoplasmicAdultBirth RateCryopreservationFemaleFertilization in VitroHumansLive BirthMalePregnancyPregnancy OutcomePregnancy RateRetrospective StudiesFrozen-thawed embryo transferIntracytoplasmic sperm injectionLow birthweightNon-male factor infertilityPreterm birthReproductive outcome

Identifiers

PMID40254598

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-97051-x

PMCPMC12009970

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.