ArticleChest2025
Forecasting the Global Economic and Health Burden of COPD From 2025 Through 2050.
Article in Chest, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining disease stability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evidence from phase 3 clinical trials.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Trial
- Multi parameter respiratory training for pulmonary rehabilitation in AECOPD a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Development of a theory-based self-management digital intervention to promote physical activity in people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Respir'air BPCO.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Intraoperative mechanical ventilation management in COPD: A state of the art review.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Review
- Anemia and hemoglobin thresholds of 12.5 and 13.0 g/dL are associated with distinct cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks in COPD.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Forecasting the Multidimensional Burdens of Hospital Admissions in LRTIs and COPD: Projections of Healthcare Expenditures, Resource Utilization, and Socioeconomic and Environmental Outcomes for Switzerland.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Implementing acute exacerbations of COPD care bundles: evidence, effectiveness and future directions.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma from 1990 to present: risk attributions and projections to 2050.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Oncology: A Comprehensive Cross-Cancer Translational Readiness Analysis Across 18 Malignancies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence for Early Detection and Prediction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as an Independent Predictor of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise behaviour: a scoping review using the CFIR framework.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Estimation of the global chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributable to air pollution and projection in 2030: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Addressing the Global Challenges of COPD and Asthma: A Shared Vision From the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD) and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA).Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Esketamine alleviates COPD-depression comorbidity in rats via MAPK/NF-κB inhibition and gut-lung-brain axis modulation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Exploring health consequences of Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome in a national study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fear of Missing Out and Its Association with Respiratory Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Use Short-Video Platforms.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Integrating Disease Burden and Cost-Effectiveness for Value-Based Prioritisation of COPD Interventions: A Narrative Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Accurate Identification and Intervention System Construction of Treatable Traits in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies have reported estimates of the economic and health burden of COPD. They have been limited largely to current-day estimates or relatively short-term future projections. RESEARCH QUESTION: How will the regional and global economic and health burden of COPD evolve from 2025 to 2050, considering trends in COPD risk factors and an expanding population? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsTo project the economic and health burden of COPD to 2050, an open cohort Markov model was developed. COPD costs were stratified by age, sex, and smoking status, and distributions of COPD severity grades were modeled based on global trends in smoking status, household air pollution, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter, and ozone. Direct costs, indirect costs, and the number of COPD exacerbations were projected to 2050. Data on the historic economic and health burden of COPD were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, World Health Organization, and a recent meta-analysis. COPD risk factor data were obtained from the GBD database.
resultsBy 2050, the global direct costs attributable to COPD are projected to be $24.35 trillion cumulatively ($3.89 trillion in 2025). Global indirect costs are estimated to be $15.43 trillion cumulatively by 2050 ($2.50 trillion in 2025), and 15.60 billion COPD exacerbations are projected to occur within that same period (2.28 billion in 2025).
interpretationTo mitigate the substantial projected economic and health burden of COPD, it is essential to focus on prevention by reducing risk factors such as smoking and air pollution. Additionally, health care policy reforms can improve access to effective treatments, and innovative approaches can enhance patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.