Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40251896›Full record

Observational studyAnnals of neurology2025

Effectiveness of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation versus Alemtuzumab and Ocrelizumab in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Single Center Cohort Study.

Paolo Antonio Muraro, Antonio Zito, Alessio Signori, Maria Pia Sormani, Eleonora Rigoni, Federica Pollidoro, Roberto Bergamaschi, Alice Mariottini, Omar Malik, Ashwini Nandoskar and 7 more

Abstract readObservational StudyComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases: Clinical Evidence, Therapeutic Niches, and Translational Boundaries.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Review
  2. Should autologous HSCT be a first-line option in highly active MS? Commentary.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Paolo Antonio Muraro *Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Antonio Zito *Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Alessio SignoriDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Maria Pia SormaniDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6892-104X
Eleonora RigoniMultiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Federica PollidoroDepartment of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Roberto BergamaschiMultiple Sclerosis Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Alice MariottiniDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1869-7067
Omar MalikCromwell, Hospital, London, UK.
Ashwini NandoskarImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Victoria Singh-CurryImperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
Varun MehraDepartment of Hematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
Majid KazmiDepartment of Hematological Medicine, King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
Ian GabrielCenter of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK.
Eli SilberDepartment of Neurology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Richard NicholasDepartment of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0414-1225
Antonio ScalfariDepartment of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7757-0293

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo compare clinical and radiological outcomes among relapsing multiple sclerosis patients treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), alemtuzumab (ATZ), and ocrelizumab (OCR).

methodsFrom a London (UK) hospital-based observational cohort, modeled data were obtained from 621 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, who were treated with AHSCT (n = 103), ATZ (n = 204), and OCR (n = 314), and were followed up for 43, 43, and 32 median months, respectively. The annualized relapse rate, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, and disability progression on Expanded Disability Status Scale were assessed.

resultsAHSCT showed superior efficacy compared with ATZ and OCR. After 5-year follow up, the mean annualized relapse rate (0.026 vs 0.087; p < 0.001), the risk of relapses (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.13-0.63; p = 0.002), and of MRI activity (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15-0.72; p = 0.006) were significantly lower in AHSCT versus ATZ group. Compared with OCR, after 3-year follow-up AHSCT showed a significantly lower annualized relapse rate (0.028 vs 0.073; p = 0.02) and a trend to reduced risk of relapse (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18-1.14; p = 0.09), but similar low rates (6%) of new MRI activity (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.28-2.67; p = 0.80). In addition, there was a similar risk of Expanded Disability Status Scale progression in AHSCT, and both ATZ (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.71-2.00; p = 0.50) and OCR (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.57-2.04; p = 0.82) groups.

interpretationAHSCT was followed by greater prevention of relapses compared with ATZ and OCR, and suppressed more profoundly MRI activity than ATZ, but similarly to OCR, albeit with shorter follow up. The risk of accumulating disability was similar among the treated groups. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow up may enable confirmation of these findings or detection of any additional differential effects. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:294-307.

Indexed as

AlemtuzumabAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationImmunologic FactorsMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingAdultCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedTransplantation, AutologousTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultAlemtuzumabAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedImmunologic Factorsocrelizumab

Identifiers

PMID40251896
PMCPMC12278282

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.