ReviewBMC immunology2025
Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.
Review in BMC immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Temporal dynamics of human biomarkers of orthodontically-induced root resorption: A systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Acute effects of continuous and interval cycling on salivary SIgA and anti-microbial peptide secretions: a randomized crossover trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Vitamin DFrontiers in oral health · 2026Trial
- Association between salivary alkaline phosphatase levels and periodontal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BDJ open · 2026Article
- Salivary Proteome-Microbiome Profiling in Burning Mouth Syndrome Might Highlight Mucin-Related Host-Microbe Features.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Review
- Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A as a Candidate Biomarker of Oral Mucosal Vulnerability in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Prospective Pilot Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Mechanism and Pathways of Formation and Modification of Salivary Metabolic Profile in Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immunological Microenvironment Diversity in Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous Oral Leukoplakia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Salivary Immunophenotyping Reveals Distinct Cellular Signatures of Periodontal Disease Activity and Resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Oral Mucosal Wound Healing and Photobiomodulation: Biochemical Pathways, Experimental Models, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Oral Barrier Immunometabolism in Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Systemic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Periodontology: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Implications for Care.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Heavy Metal-Driven Oral Dysbiosis: Salivary Toxicometallomics at the Host-Microbiome Interface Across Pathologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hyposalivation Treatment with Non-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid and Amino Acids Solution-A Clinical Pilot Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cytotoxicity assessment of LuxCreo and Nylon direct-printed photopolymers for orthodontic applications: An in vitro study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Macrophage Extracellular Traps in the Oral Mucosa: Autoimmune Disease and Platelet-Derived Epithelial Modulation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Harnessing Microbiome-Mediated and Macrophage-Driven Mechanisms for Oral Wound Healing.Microorganisms · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the intricate immune responses within the oral cavity, emphasizing the pivotal role of saliva in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Saliva, a complex biofluid, functions as a dynamic barrier against pathogens, housing diverse cellular components including epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes, which collectively contribute to robust innate and adaptive immune responses. It acts as a physical and immunological barrier, providing the first line of defense against pathogens. The multifaceted protective mechanisms of salivary proteins, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, particularly secretory IgA (SIgA), are elucidated. We explore the natural and induced immune responses in saliva, focusing on its cellular and molecular composition. In addition to saliva, we highlight the significance of a serum-like fluid, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), in periodontal health and disease, and its potential as a diagnostic tool. Additionally, the review delves into the impact of diseases such as periodontitis, oral cancer, type 2 diabetes, and lupus on salivary immune responses, highlighting the potential of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for both oral and systemic conditions. We describe how oral tissue and the biofluid responds to diseases, including considerations to periodontal tissue health and in disease periodontitis. By examining the interplay between oral and systemic health through the oral-systemic axis, this review underscores the significance of salivary immune mechanisms in overall well-being and disease pathogenesis, emphasizing the importance of salivary mechanisms across the body.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.