Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40251187›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

Bivalent mRNA booster vaccination recalls cellular and antibody immunity against antigenically divergent SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens.

Mai-Chi Trieu, Arnold Reynaldi, Wen Shi Lee, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Andrew Kelly, Robyn Esterbauer, Rebecca J Cox, Jennifer Audsley, Joseph Sasadeusz, David S Khoury and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Mai-Chi TrieuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Arnold ReynaldiKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Wen Shi LeeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Hyon-Xhi TanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Andrew KellyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Robyn EsterbauerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Rebecca J CoxInfluenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Jennifer AudsleyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Joseph SasadeuszDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
David S KhouryKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Miles P DavenportKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Deborah CromerKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Adam K WheatleyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Stephen J KentDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. skent@unimelb.edu.au.
Jennifer A JunoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. jennifer.juno@unimelb.edu.au.

Funding

Medical Research Future Fund GNT2005544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ongoing rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines lags behind rapid viral evolution. Updated vaccine immunogens elicit neutralising antibodies against the component strain. However, protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variants is unclear. Here, we sought to understand factors underpinning serological breadth following bivalent BA.1 vaccination. Booster vaccination of 33 individuals elicited robust and durable antibody responses against component vaccine antigens and elevated frequencies of spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Immunisation predominantly drove recall of cross-reactive memory B cells which also recognised XBB.1.5 spike, with significantly enhanced neutralisation titres against XBB virus seen within 91% of participants. Multivariate regression indicated that both baseline neutralising titres and spike-specific CD4 T cell frequencies were strong predictors of ancestral, BA.1 and XBB neutralisation post-immunisation. These data highlight that updated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines recall cross-reactive memory that maintains recognition of antigenically evolved viral variants and suggests T cell help and prior antibody titres underpin robust vaccine-induced neutralising activity.

Identifiers

PMID40251187
PMCPMC12008365

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.