ArticleMacromolecular bioscience2025
Engineering Folic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles to Enhance Letrozole's Anticancer Action.
Article in Macromolecular bioscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Breast Cancer Progression and Its Theranostic Management via Folate-Directed Targeting of Glycoprotein Receptor.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The development of biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering anticancer drugs, such as letrozole (LTZ), offers a targeted approach for cancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-co-PEG) and fabricated LTZ-loaded PCL-co-PEG NPs (LTZ-NPs) via emulsion-solvent evaporation. Folic acid (FA), a folate receptor-targeting molecule, was conjugated to the LTZ-loaded NPs (LTZ-FNPs) to enhance treatment efficacy against hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Both NPs and FNPs exhibited a spherical morphology (60-90 nm), with FNPs showing higher drug entrapment efficiency and controlled release. LTZ release was minimal at physiological pH but increased in acidic, cancer-like environments, following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a combination of Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion. In cytotoxicity assays, LTZ-FNPs exhibited higher toxicity against MCF-7 cells than LTZ-NPs. Controlled LTZ release altered gene expression, reducing B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl2) and increasing caspase 8 (Casp8), promoting apoptosis. A shift to the SubG1 phase further confirmed enhanced LTZ-FNP-mediated cell death. Furthermore, p53 expression increased, while matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) decreased, inhibiting cell invasion. This study introduces a biodegradable system with FA-functionalized, pH-sensitive NPs for the targeted and controlled delivery of LTZ. This approach holds great potential for selective, efficient treatment while minimizing systemic toxicity in breast cancer therapy.
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