Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40247621›Full record

ArticlePlant communications2025

The genome of giant waterlily provides insights into the origin of angiosperms, leaf gigantism, and stamen function innovation.

Xiaohui Wen, Yuwei Liang, Hongyan Shan, Xiaojun Chang, Xiaoming Song, Shaoqin Shen, Yanhong Fu, Dan Chen, Fei Chen, Yueqing Li and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Plant communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly ofHorticulture research · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Xiaohui WenZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Yuwei LiangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Hongyan ShanState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xiaojun ChangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Xiaoming SongCollege of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
Shaoqin ShenCollege of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
Yanhong FuCollege of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
Dan ChenHainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
Fei ChenHainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Yueqing LiKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
Qian GuanKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
Qiang GaoZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Qi WangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Yonglin LiGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhengjia WangNational Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Hongzhi KongState Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Huan LiuKey Laboratory of Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: liuhuan@genomics.cn.
Xiang GaoKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics & Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China. Electronic address: gaoxiang424@163.com.
Xiaofan ZhouGuangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: xiaofan_zhou@scau.edu.cn.
Chris ThorogoodDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK; University of Oxford Botanic Garden and Arboretum, Oxford OX1 4AZ, UK. Electronic address: chris.thorogood@obg.ox.ac.uk.
Liangsheng ZhangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, China. Electronic address: zls83@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

Non-US Government Research Support type
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As some of the earliest evolving flowering plants, waterlilies offer unique insights into angiosperm evolution. Giant Amazonian waterlilies (genus Victoria) are of particular interest due to their production of the world's largest floating leaves and gigantic flowers that entrap pollinating beetles. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of Victoria cruziana and three related waterlilies: Euryale ferox, Nymphaea mexicana, and Brasenia schreberi. We found an ancient whole-genome duplication event specific to the Nymphaeales. We reveal major gene duplication and loss events throughout the evolution of angiosperms, with substantial implications for flower development and the biosynthesis of floral volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) in waterlilies. Importantly, we report a unique division of labor in the stamen function of V. cruziana linked to beetle attraction by FVOCs. This is related to the ultra-high expression of VicSABATHa along with Vicchitinase, possibly linked to protection from damage by trapped beetles. Overexpression of VicSABATHa in tobacco leaves reveals a capacity to produce volatile fatty acids, confirming its role in their catalytic synthesis. Overall, these findings provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptations of waterlilies and flowering plants in general.

Indexed as

FlowersGenome, PlantMagnoliopsidaPlant LeavesAnimalsBiological EvolutionColeopteraEvolution, MolecularNymphaeaPhylogenyVolatile Organic CompoundsVolatile Organic Compoundsearly angiospermsfloral scent biosynthesisleaf gigantismstamen innovationwaterlily genomes

Identifiers

PMID40247621
PMCPMC12177460

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.