SynthesisBMC public health2025
Prevalence and determinants of vaccination intention towards routine immunizations in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human papillomavirus and vaccine knowledge, willingness, and uptake among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Addressing HPV vaccine hesitancy and misinformation in India through public health communication strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Limited discriminant validity of health belief and 3C models in high HPV vaccine coverage settings: the moderating role ofFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well known that, to be effective, vaccination programs require a high and consistent population uptake. Nevertheless, vaccine coverage is often insufficient. University students occupy a unique position within the broader population: they are highly mobile and socially active individuals who serve as influential figures among their peers and younger age groups, making them an ideal target for educational campaigns.
methodsThis review (CRD42022309724) quantified the vaccination intention rates for routine immunizations in university students and systematically examined the determinants of vaccination acceptance. Cross-sectional studies that analyzed vaccination intention for at least one routine immunization using multivariable logistic regression were included. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled proportions of vaccination intention. Determinants were categorized into contextual factors (such as socio-demographic, economic and cultural factors), individual/group factors (such as knowledge, awareness, peer opinions, infection risk perceptions) and vaccine-specific issues (such as vaccine effectiveness and vaccination policies).
resultsThirty-six articles were included: 29 on the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and seven on the influenza vaccine. The pooled proportion of students intending to get vaccinated was 54% (95% CI: 47-60%) for HPV and 43% (95% CI: 26-61%) for influenza. The strongest positive determinants were individual/group factors, such as higher knowledge and awareness, pro-vaccine peer opinions, positive personal experience with vaccinations, and higher risk perception for HPV infection, and higher risk perception for infection and previous vaccination history for influenza. By contrast, contextual influences played a minor role in both vaccinations, while vaccine-specific concerns, particularly about costs and availability, negatively influenced intention for both vaccines.
conclusionsGiven the suboptimal rates of vaccination intention towards HPV and influenza vaccine that we found, addressing key determinants, such as awareness of infection risks and perception of vaccination benefits, is essential to increase vaccination acceptance in university students and to achieve high vaccination coverage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.