Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40247213›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

Syntax comprehension in Persian-speaking students with ADHD.

Armon Massoodi, Akram Ahmadi, Hanieh Haghjou, Marjan Larimian, Mohammadhasan Mazandarani, Hossein-Ali Nikbakht, Michelle Pascoe, Saba Ahmadzadeh, Faezeh Koohestani

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Impact of ADHD on Children's Language Development.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Armon MassoodiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran.
Akram AhmadiMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. slp347@gmail.com.
Hanieh HaghjouSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran.
Marjan LarimianMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Mohammadhasan MazandaraniMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Hossein-Ali NikbakhtPopulation, Family and Spiritual Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Michelle PascoeDivision of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
Saba AhmadzadehMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Faezeh KoohestaniMobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Funding

Babol University of Medical Sciences 724133534
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSyntax is one of the most intricate domains of language, and as such, offers valuable insights into language processing in typical and neurodiverse populations. The research aimed to compare syntactic comprehension in children aged 7-10 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing (TD) children.

methodsThe Persian Syntax Comprehension Test (PSCT) was administered to 70 children diagnosed with ADHD and 70 TD peers. Syntactic items measured by this scale were graded in complexity, and results were compared across the two groups.

resultsA statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two groups was found when comparing total PSCT scores that include simple, moderate, and complex structures. Among the obtained effect size values, the highest was for the difference between TD and ADHD children for complex syntactic structures (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI (0.38-1.06). In terms of the item-by-item comparisons, TD children performed significantly better on 58% of the items of the PSCT than children with ADHD.

conclusionsPersian-speaking children with typical development in the 7-10-year age range outperformed children with ADHD on syntax comprehension. The most significant difference between the two groups was in the complex syntactic structures.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityComprehensionLanguageChildFemaleHumansIranLanguage TestsMaleStudentsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderComprehensionLanguage disorderPersianSyntax

Identifiers

PMID40247213
PMCPMC12007283

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.